SDE Path

Sum of Subarray Minimums

Medium

Sum of Subarray Minimums

Compute the sum of the minimum values of every contiguous subarray, using a monotonic stack.

Input format

The first line contains N. The second line contains N positive integers.

Output format

Print the sum of min(b) over every contiguous subarray b.

Constraints

  • Values fit in a 64-bit signed integer
  • Trailing whitespace and a trailing newline are ignored by the judge

Read from stdin, write to stdout. Sample cases below show the exact format.

Sample cases

Example 1
Input
4
3 1 2 4
Expected output
17
Example 2
Input
3
11 81 94
Expected output
289